What is the ferrous sulfate ?

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Ferrous sulfate is an iron supplement and chemical compound with the formula FeSO₄. Here's a detailed breakdown:

1. Chemical Composition:

   • Iron(II) sulfate indicates iron in the +2 oxidation state (Fe²⁺) combined with the sulfate anion (SO₄²⁻).

   • Common hydrated forms include FeSO₄·7H₂O (heptahydrate), which appears as blue-green crystals, and the anhydrous form (FeSO₄), which is a white powder.

2. Uses:

   • Medical: Primarily used to treat iron-deficiency anemia by replenishing iron levels, essential for hemoglobin production.

   • Industrial: Acts as a reducing agent, in water treatment (coagulation), and in the manufacture of inks (e.g., iron gall ink) or pigments.

   • Agricultural: Serves as a soil amendment to correct iron deficiencies and in moss control.

3. Physical Properties:

   • Hydrated forms are typically blue-green, water-soluble crystals. Anhydrous forms are hygroscopic (absorb moisture from air).

4. Production:

   • Produced by reacting iron with sulfuric acid (Fe + H₂SO₄ → FeSO₄ + H₂) or as a byproduct of steel pickling processes.

5. Safety:

   • Effective in recommended doses but toxic in excess, causing gastrointestinal distress (nausea, constipation) or severe poisoning, especially in children. Proper storage and dosing are crucial.

6. Distinction from Ferric Sulfate:

   • Differs from ferric sulfate (Fe₂(SO₄)₃), which contains Fe³⁺ and is used in water purification and as a coagulant.